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Information

Lesson summary:

Episode: 2

Students can click here for the MP3 Recordings and here  for the grammar files mentioned in the Zoom class. 

 

Skills Assessed:

  1. Listening for Main Ideas:

    • Understanding the central themes or primary information in a spoken passage.

  2. Listening for Specific Information:

    • Locating and understanding specific details or facts within the recordings.

  3. Understanding Attitudes and Opinions:

    • Identifying the speakers' attitudes, opinions, or intentions.

  4. Following a Sequence of Ideas:

    • Understanding the logical progression of ideas in a spoken passage.

Important information:

Miscellaneous

  • Homework can be submitted via Line only for IELTS Speaking.

  • Listening, Reading, and Writing must only be submitted by email to thinkincafekk@gmail.com.

  • Students should download the recommended books.

Essential Points

Defining Relative Clauses:

  • Definition: Defining Relative Clauses, also known as restrictive relative clauses, provide essential information about the noun they modify. They are not separated by commas and are crucial for understanding the intended meaning of the sentence.
    ​Structure:

    • Relative Pronoun (who, which, that) + Subject + Verb

    • Example: The book that is on the table is mine.

    • Key Points:

    • Essential Information: Defining clauses restrict the meaning of the noun they modify, providing necessary details.

    • No Commas: They are not separated by commas and are integral to the sentence's meaning.

    • Cannot Be Omitted: If removed, the sentence's meaning would be unclear.

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Present Perfect vs Past Simple:

  • Present Perfect:

    • Structure: [Subject + has/have + past participle]

    • Example: I have visited Paris.

  • Past Simple:

    • Structure: [Subject + past tense verb]

    • Example: I visited Paris.

  • Key Differences:

    • Time Reference:

      • Present Perfect: Emphasizes the connection between past actions and the present. Often used with "ever," "never," "since," or "for."

      • Past Simple: Indicates actions completed in the past with a specific time frame.

  • Use:

    • Present Perfect: Used for experiences, actions with relevance to the present, or actions at an unspecified time.

    • Past Simple: Used for completed actions in the past with a specific time or sequence.

  • Duration:

    • Present Perfect: Focuses on the result or current state arising from past actions.

    • Past Simple: Emphasizes the specific time when the action occurred.

  • Signal Words:

    • Present Perfect: "For," "since," "just," "already," "never," "ever."

    • Past Simple: Specific time expressions like "yesterday," "last week," "in 1990."

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