IELTS Academic Reading Ep. 4
This is the fourth lesson for IELTS Academic Reading. There will be updates made to this skill in Auckland after each live class is finished. It is suitable for IELTS Academic only. You will find downloadable material, a summary, techniques and tips, as well as other important information about this skill below.
Information
Lesson summary:
Episode: 4 (To be updated)
Relative Clauses
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Relative clauses are used to modify nouns and pronouns by providing additional information about them. They act like adjectives within a sentence.
There are two main types of relative clauses:
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Defining relative clauses: These clauses are essential for defining the noun or pronoun they modify. They cannot be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence.
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Example: The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
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In this example, "who lives next door" is a defining relative clause that specifies which woman is being referred to.
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Non-defining relative clauses: These clauses provide additional information about the noun or pronoun they modify, but they are not essential for defining it. They can be omitted without affecting the core meaning of the sentence.
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Example: My friend, who is a musician, is playing a concert tonight.
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In this example, "who is a musician" is a non-defining relative clause that gives extra information about the friend but doesn't define which friend is being spoken about.
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Relative clauses can be introduced by a relative pronoun (who, which, that) or a relative adverb (when, where, why).
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Participle Clauses
Participle clauses are verbal phrases that function like adjectives or adverbs within a sentence. They are formed using participles, which are verb forms that can act as adjectives or adverbs.
There are two main types of participle clauses:
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Present participle clauses: Formed with the present participle (verb + -ing).
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Function as adjectives to modify nouns or pronouns.
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Example: Smiling, the child greeted his friends.
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In this example, "Smiling" is a present participle clause that describes the child as they greet their friends.
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Past participle clauses: Formed with the past participle (verb + ed or irregular past participle).
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Can function as adjectives or adverbs depending on the context.
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As adjectives: They modify nouns or pronouns.
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Example: Exhausted from the hike, we rested by the lake.
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In this example, "Exhausted from the hike" is a past participle clause that describes the state of being "exhausted".
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As adverbs: They modify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs.
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Example: Having finished dinner, we watched a movie.
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In this example, "Having finished dinner" is a past participle clause that modifies the verb "watched" and tells when the movie watching happened.
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Important information:
Miscellaneous
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Homework can be submitted via Line only for IELTS Speaking.
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Listening, Reading, and Writing must only be submitted by email to thinkincafekk@gmail.com.
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Students should download the recommended books.
